ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2025
What Are the Drivers Triggering Antimicrobial Resistance Emergence and Spread? Outlook from a One Health Perspective.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of clinical pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship on antibiotic appropriateness, clinical outcomes, and antimicrobial consumption in hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- National surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Iran using IAMR software: A hospital-based study.New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Targeted Design of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides againstACS omega · 2026Article
- Vaginal microbiomes and their pertinent social context: a microbial ecological review proffering AMR-STI acquisition and emergence.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Giving Antibiotics a Second Chance: Evolutionary Trade-Offs and Phage-Driven Restoration of Antibiotic Susceptibility.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Substandard and falsified systemic anti-infectives in Peru.Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica · 2026Article
- Barriers and facilitators to implementing e-learning for infection management in primary care: a scoping review.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in humans, animals and the environment in Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mobile Genetic Elements as Central Drivers of Antimicrobial Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms, Evolutionary Ecology, One Health Implications and Control Strategies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance Along the Food Chain: Spread and Integrated Strategies for Mitigation and Control.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance: A Bibliometric Review of Patient Health, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Strategies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- High prevalence of CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producingVeterinary world · 2026Article
- Development of a capability framework for antimicrobial stewardship specialist health professionals working in the NHS in England: utilizing Delphi methodology.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial peptide resistance in Salmonella AMR: the role of surface binding and lipopolysaccharide remodelling: one health implications.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Mechanism of action of Houttuynia cordata extract and its application in animal production.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Article
- Antibacterial Immunotherapy: Mechanistic Insights, Emerging Therapeutic Strategies, and Clinical Translation.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Surveillance-Driven Machine Learning for Prediction of Antimicrobial Susceptibility: An Explainable Modeling Framework using the Pfizer ATLAS Dataset (2004 - 2023).Wellcome open research · 2026Article
- Phenotypic and genomic analysis of antimicrobial resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Phenotypic and Genotypic Analyses of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns ofThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a critical global public health threat, exacerbating healthcare burdens and imposing substantial economic costs. Currently, AMR contributes to nearly five million deaths annually worldwide, surpassing mortality rates of any single infectious disease. The economic burden associated with AMR-related disease management is estimated at approximately $730 billion per year. This review synthesizes current research on the mechanisms and multifaceted drivers of AMR development and dissemination through the lens of the One Health framework, which integrates human, animal, and environmental health perspectives. Intrinsic factors, including antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), enable bacteria to evolve adaptive resistance mechanisms such as enzymatic inactivation, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation. Extrinsic drivers span environmental stressors (e.g., antimicrobials, heavy metals, disinfectants), socioeconomic practices, healthcare policies, and climate change, collectively accelerating AMR proliferation. Horizontal gene transfer and ecological pressures further facilitate the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria across ecosystems. The cascading impacts of AMR threaten human health and agricultural productivity, elevate foodborne infection risks, and impose substantial economic burdens, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. To address this complex issue, the review advocates for interdisciplinary collaboration, robust policy implementation (e.g., antimicrobial stewardship), and innovative technologies (e.g., genomic surveillance, predictive modeling) under the One Health paradigm. Such integrated strategies are essential to mitigate AMR transmission, safeguard global health, and ensure sustainable development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.