ArticleClinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine2025
Prognostic Utility of Immediate Memory and Delayed Recall Assessments for Adolescent Concussion.
Article in Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the prognostic utility of 10-word immediate memory and delayed recall assessments at an initial post-concussion evaluation for predicting persisting post-concussion symptom (PPCS) development.
designRetrospective cohort study.
participantsAdolescents (N = 160) seen for concussion at a sports medicine center between June 2018 and November 2019. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: We categorized participants based on their symptom recovery time, as PPCS (symptoms >28 days) and no PPCS (symptoms ≤28 days). MAIN OUTCOMES: Patients completed 10-word immediate memory and delayed recall assessments at the time of their initial evaluation. We grouped patients based on timing of their initial visit: 1 to 7 days post-concussion versus 8 to 21 days post-concussion and calculated their symptom duration (time from injury until symptom resolution).
resultsFor patients seen 1 to 7 days post-concussion (N = 69; 14.4 ± 2.4 years; 41% female), those who developed PPCS (N = 19, 28%) had significantly worse immediate memory (6.2 ± 1.8 vs 7.2 ± 1.7 words correct; P = 0.04; Cohen d = 0.55) and delayed recall (3.6 ± 1.8 vs 5.5 ± 2.2 words correct; P = 0.002; Cohen d = 0.87) performance compared with those who did not develop PPCS. For patients seen 8 to 21 days post-concussion (N = 91; 14.1 ± 2.6 years; 53% female), there were no significant differences between those who developed PPCS (N = 45, 49%) and did not on immediate memory (7.2 ± 1.7 vs 6.7 ± 2.1 words correct; P = 0.21; Cohen d = 0.26) or delayed recall (5.2 ± 2.3 vs 5.4 ± 2.1 words correct; P = 0.61; Cohen d = 0.11) performance.
conclusionsThe 10-word immediate memory and delayed recall assessments have prognostic utility for PPCS when administered within the first week post-concussion and may help clinicians identify those at greatest risk of developing PPCS.
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