ArticleDevelopmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists2026
Endoderm differentiates into a transient epidermis in the mouse perineum.
Article in Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundIn eutherian mammals, the embryonic cloaca is partitioned into genitourinary and anorectal canals by the urorectal septum. In the mouse embryo, the urorectal septum contributes to the perineum, which separates the anus from the external genitalia. During the growth of the urorectal septum, endodermal epithelium of the cloaca is displaced to the surface of the perineum, where endodermal cells are integrated into the developing skin. However, it is unknown whether the endodermal lineage of the perineum acquires true epidermal identity, an enigmatic fate for endodermal cells.
resultsWe find that endodermal cells that reach the surface of the perineum express markers of basal, spinous, and granular epidermis. During postnatal development, the endodermal lineage of the perineum epidermis undergoes terminal differentiation and desquamation and is replaced by adjacent ectoderm. Live imaging and single-cell tracking show that ectodermal cells move at a faster velocity in a lateral-to-medial direction, indicating convergence toward the narrow band of endoderm that lies between the anus and external genitalia.
conclusionsCloacal endoderm differentiates into a non-renewing, transient epidermis at the midline of the perineum. Differences in directionality and velocity of cell movement patterns between endodermal and ectodermal cells suggest that the perineum epidermis develops by convergent extension.
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