ArticleAnnals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches2025
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Versus Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Very Low-Lying Clinical T3 Rectal Cancer: The NAIR Phase 2/3 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Article in Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tele-Expert Consultation for Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer: A Prospective Multicenter Evaluation of the CONNECT-LR System.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Observational
- Short- and mid-term outcomes of transanal/transperineal minimally invasive surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer.Techniques in coloproctology · 2026Observational
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16 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To determine whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) is superior to TME followed by AC for very low-lying clinical (c) T3 rectal cancer. Background: Preoperative radiation is widely used for preoperative treatment of cT3 rectal cancer; however, it worsens patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Preoperative treatment without radiation is expected to preserve PROs. Methods: Patients with cT3N-anyM0 rectal cancer located within 5 cm from the anal verge were randomly assigned (1:1) to the NAC group (3 months of NAC followed by TME and 3 months of AC) or AC group (TME followed by 6 months of AC). NAC and AC comprised mFOLFOX6 (oxaliplatin, l-folinic acid, and fluorouracil) or CAPOX (oxaliplatin and capecitabine). The primary endpoint was the 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS). PROs were analyzed. Results: Between February 2013 and March 2019, 130 patients were randomly assigned to the NAC (n = 65) or AC (n = 65) groups; of these, 127 were evaluable (NAC, n = 65; AC, n = 62). At a median follow-up of 37.4 months, the 3-year RFS was 75.5% and 70.9% in NAC and AC groups, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.67, 60% confidence interval (CI) = 0.48-0.86, 95% CI = 0.34-1.32; Conclusions: NAC for very low-lying cT3 rectal cancer improved RFS without worsening PROs although LRR remained high. Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry: UMIN000009510/Japan Registry of Clinical Trials: jRCTs031180278.
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