ReviewCancer cell international2025
Exosomal biomarkers and immune checkpoint inhibitors: advancements and future prospects.
Review in Cancer cell international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancing the understanding of the immune escape in lung cancer immunotherapy: Global trends, collaborations, and future directions.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Bovine Colostrum- and Milk-Derived Exosomes in Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Reprogramming the immunosuppressive breast cancer microenvironment: integrating cellular, metabolic, and stromal targets for rational immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for gastric cancer: current status, therapeutic challenges, and future prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From immune desert to hot tumor: the tripartite synergy of tumor microenvironment-exosomes-immunogenic cell death in pioneering solutions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This review examines the growing role of exosomes and circulating exosomal biomarkers in predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer therapy. While ICIs have revolutionized cancer treatment, predicting patient response remains a major challenge. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles involved in intercellular communication, have emerged as potential biomarkers for monitoring and enhancing ICI efficacy. However, significant knowledge gaps exist in understanding how exosomal cargo, particularly its molecular composition and immune-modulatory functions, can influence treatment outcomes. The review explores the mechanisms of action of ICIs, focusing on immune checkpoint blockade and the tumor microenvironment (TME) impact on immune responses. We also discuss the potential of exosomal biomarkers to serve as reliable indicators of immunotherapy response, highlighting their ability to reflect dynamic changes in the tumor and immune system. Despite their promising potential, challenges remain in translating exosomal biomarkers into clinical practice, including issues related to standardization and sensitivity. The review concludes by addressing these challenges and offering future perspectives on how exosomal biomarkers could shape the future of cancer immunotherapy, providing critical insights for personalized treatment strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.