ArticleFood and environmental virology2025
Insights Into Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Dynamics of Enteric Viruses in a Middle-Size City-Burgos, Spain-Using a Long-Term Wastewater Surveillance.
Article in Food and environmental virology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Retail Mussels Marketed in Burgos, Spain.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has traditionally served as a tool for monitor pathogens, biomarkers, and consumption of pharmaceuticals or illicit drugs. In particular, enteric viruses have been extensively studied in wastewater due to their high titer of excretion. In this study, we investigated the presence of six clinically significant enteric viruses in twelve different areas of a Spanish middle-size city (Burgos), over a 3-year period from November 2021 to November 2024 (n = 600). Viral concentration was performed using an aluminum-based adsorption-precipitation method, followed by nucleic acid extraction and quantification via RT-qPCR. Process controls were included in each experiment to ensure assay accuracy and to calculate viral recovery rates, providing reliable estimates of enteric virus concentrations. The findings revealed that norovirus genogroup II was the most prevalent virus detected in 97.50% of the samples, followed by human astroviruses (90.00%), norovirus genogroup I (85.33%), rotavirus (83.83%), hepatitis E Virus (12.17%), and hepatitis A Virus (0.33%). Spatial heterogeneity in viral distribution was observed among sampling sites, along with temporal and seasonal variations between the COVID-19 pandemic and the post-pandemic periods. A positive correlation was found between enteric viruses and SARS-CoV-2, with both groups of viruses generally displaying stable co-existence. In our hands, this study represents the first long-term WBE analysis of enteric viruses conducted in a middle-sized city, providing valuable insights into the distribution, dynamics, and behavior of major enteric viruses across an extended temporal frame and different areas of the city, spanning both pandemic and post-pandemic contexts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.