Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40555759›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2026

Panoramic photoacoustic computed tomography with learning-based classification enhances breast lesion characterization.

Xin Tong, Cindy Z Liu, Yilin Luo, Li Lin, Jessica Dzubnar, Marta Invernizzi, Stephanie Delos Santos, Yide Zhang, Rui Cao, Peng Hu and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Advances in Photoacoustic Imaging of Breast Cancer.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Xin Tong *Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Cindy Z Liu *Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1075-1436
Yilin Luo *Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4611-3049
Li Lin *Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-8436
Jessica DzubnarDepartment of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-1687
Marta InvernizziDepartment of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Stephanie Delos SantosDepartment of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Yide ZhangCaltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9463-3970
Rui CaoCaltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4444-7528
Peng HuCaltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Junfu ZhengCaltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Jaclene TorresDepartment of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Armine KasabyanDepartment of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Lily L LaiDepartment of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Lisa D YeeDepartment of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8243-1055
Lihong V WangCaltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. LVW@caltech.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9783-4383

Funding

UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM008042 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI AJIJOLA, OLUJIMI A, DAWSON, DAVID WAYNE · 1985 to 2023
$29.9M
The Center for Label-free Imagingand Multiscale Biophotonics (CLIMB)P41EB031772 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI Stephen A Boppart · 2022 to 2026
$7.6M
Massively parallel high-speed 3D functional photoacoustic computed tomography of the adult human brainU01EB029823 · NIBIB · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI WANG, DANNY JJ, WANG, LIHONG · 2020 to 2024
$6.7M
High-speed panoramic 3D photoacoustic computed tomography of the breastR35CA220436 · NCI · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI WANG, LIHONG · 2018 to 2024
$6.4M
UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM152342 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Olujimi A Ajijola, David Wayne Dawson · 2024 to 2026
$5.3M
Label-free intraoperative photoacoustic microscopy for rapid diagnosis of tissue biopsies with specimen integrityR01EB028277 · NIBIB · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI D'APUZZO, MASSIMO, WANG, LIHONG · 2019 to 2022
$2.6M
Advancing Photoacoustic Tomography in breast imaging to predict response in breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant therapyR01CA282505 · NCI · BECKMAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE/CITY OF HOPE · PI Lily Lau Lai · 2023 to 2026
$2.6M
Next-generation photoacoustic imaging for real-time, non-invasive monitoring of brain oxygen metabolismK99EB035645 · NIBIB · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI ZHANG, YIDE · 2024 to 2024
$127k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA282505NCI NIH HHS R35 CA220436NIBIB NIH HHS K99 EB035645NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB031772NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB028277NIBIB NIH HHS U01 EB029823NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008042NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM152342
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breast cancer diagnosis is crucial due to the high prevalence and mortality rate associated with the disease. However, mammography involves ionizing radiation and has compromised sensitivity in radiographically dense breasts, ultrasonography lacks specificity and has operator-dependent image quality, and magnetic resonance imaging faces high cost and patient exclusion. Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) offers a promising solution by combining light and ultrasound for high-resolution imaging that detects tumour-related vasculature changes. Here we introduce a workflow using panoramic PACT for breast lesion characterization, offering detailed visualization of vasculature irrespective of breast density. Analysing PACT features of 78 breasts in 39 patients, we develop learning-based classifiers to distinguish between normal and suspicious tissue, achieving a maximum area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89, which is comparable with that of conventional imaging standards. We further differentiate malignant and benign lesions using 13 features. Finally, we developed a learning-based model to segment breast lesions. Our study identifies PACT as a non-invasive and sensitive imaging tool for breast lesion evaluation.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsMachine LearningPhotoacoustic TechniquesTomography, X-Ray ComputedAdultAgedBreastFemaleHumansMammographyMiddle AgedROC Curve

Identifiers

PMID40555759
PMCPMC13067902

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.