ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2026
Gender-Affirming Surgery Price Transparency and Online Information Availability in US Hospitals.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Navigating Gender-Affirming Healthcare in Adverse Political Climates: Experience from a University-Based Transgender Clinic in Türkiye.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMany transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals rely on online resources to obtain gender-affirming surgery (GAS) information. In 2021, US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) mandated that hospitals disclose prices for common services and procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the online information and price availability for GAS in US-based hospitals.
methodsThe largest 100 hospitals by inpatient bed volume were included. Hospital websites were searched in October 2023 for terms pertaining to GAS, and price estimator tools were queried for 66 common CPT codes used in GAS. Data on hospital ownership, hospital income, Medicaid revenue, plastic surgery residency program presence, ZIP code median income, social vulnerability index score, and state-level nondiscrimination laws were also collected.
resultsOut of 100 hospitals, 59 publicly offered GAS. Hospitals located in the US South and Church-owned hospitals were the least likely to have any GAS information availability (41.5% and 36.4%, respectively). Hospitals in states with laws protecting GAS insurance access and those with plastic surgery residency programs were more likely to publicly offer GAS. Only 48 hospitals offered any GAS pricing information. Of these hospitals, the median number of prices displayed was two, and only five hospitals disclosed prices for more than ten procedures. Pricing information was particularly limited for genital and facial procedures.
conclusionsSignificant gaps exist in the public availability of GAS information and price transparency, with notable regional and institutional disparities. Standardizing price estimator tools would enhance informed decision-making and reduce barriers to care. http://www.springer.com/00266 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
40555740What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.