ArticleImmunity2025
A fungal-derived adjuvant amplifies the antitumoral potency of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin via reprogramming granulopoiesis.
Article in Immunity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Route of BCG administration determines success.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of systemic immune modulation in tumor development: Interactions across lymph nodes, bone marrow, and blood.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Maladaptive trained immunity as a hematopoietic stem cell driver of inflammaging.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Long-Term Impact of Historical BCG Vaccination Policies on Parkinson's Disease Risk: A Hypothesis-Generating Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Metabolic-epigenetic rewiring of CCR5Science advances · 2026Article
- BCG HSP70 Reprograms Macrophages via Central Trained Immunity to Suppress Prostate Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- β-glucan elicits APOE-dependent peripheral trained immunity to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Gut Mycobiota-Associated Tryptophan Catabolites Protect Against Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Advances in delivery technologies-powered cancer vaccines.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Divergent macrophage-regulated T cell states determine response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine in high-risk bladder cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Trained immunity modulators: A new frontier in immunoregulation and disease intervention.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- How to Employ Trained Immunity and Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines to Inhibit Allergic Inflammation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Trained immunity in cancer and autoimmunity: a double-edged sword in immune memory reprogramming.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Differential effects of BCG-Russia and BCG-TICE on trained immunity: Potential implications for bladder cancer immunotherapy.PloS one · 2026Article
- Targeting immunometabolism in cancer through pharmacological and lifestyle interventions.PLoS biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Evolving our understanding of trained immunity.eLife · 2025Article
- Review
- BCG plus β-glucan trains neutrophils to beat bladder cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Article
- The significance of trained immunity in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, the standard immunotherapy involves intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). However, its success requires repeated doses, and ∼50% of patients do not benefit. Using a preclinical orthotopic bladder cancer model, we found that a single intravesical dose of combined BCG and β-glucan immunotherapy eradicated aggressive tumors, resulting in 100% survival. Through single-cell transcriptomic/epigenomic analysis, flow cytometry, and intravital imaging, we show that BCG and β-glucan reprogrammed hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with imprinting in innate immune cells, particularly neutrophils. Reprogrammed neutrophils exhibited increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and infiltration into the tumor core, reducing tumor vascularization and growth. The tumor microenvironment can convert neutrophils into protumor cells; BCG and β-glucan prevented this conversion, promoting sustained antitumoral activity. These findings support β-glucan as a safe, effective adjuvant to enhance BCG immunotherapy in bladder cancer and other solid tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.