Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40555236›Full record

SynthesisNeuron2025

Is criticality a unified setpoint of brain function?

Keith B Hengen, Woodrow L Shew

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Neuron, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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  11. Concurrent Multimodal Imaging Demonstrates That EEG-Based Excitation/Inhibition Balance Reflects Glutamate and GABA Balance.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  12. Hierarchical whole-brain modeling of critical synchronization dynamics in the human brain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  13. Emergent critical oscillations in motor cortex of Parkinson's patients.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  14. Critical Dynamics in the Association Cortex Predict Higher Intelligence in Typically Developing Children.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Symmetry breaking and avalanche shapes in modular neural networks.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Keith B HengenDepartment of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA. Electronic address: khengen@wustl.edu.
Woodrow L ShewDepartment of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. Electronic address: shew@uark.edu.

Funding

Robust circuit computation in freely behaving animals.RF1NS118442 · NINDS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HENGEN, KEITH B. · 2020 to 2020
$1.8M
Robust circuit computation in freely behaving animals.R01NS118442 · NINDS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HENGEN, KEITH B. · 2023 to 2024
$1.0M
Tunable multi-timescale cortical dynamics: fundamental theory and practical toolsR01DA060744 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS AT FAYETTEVILLE · PI Andrea Katherine Barreiro, Cheng Ly · 2024 to 2026
$976k
High dimensional motor coding and motor dysfunction in Rett syndromeR15NS135396 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS AT FAYETTEVILLE · PI SHEW, WOODROW L. · 2024 to 2024
$450k
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA060744NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS118442NINDS NIH HHS R15 NS135396NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS118442
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brains face selective pressure to optimize computation, broadly defined. This is achieved by mechanisms including development, plasticity, and homeostasis. Is there a universal optimum around which the healthy brain tunes itself, across time and individuals? The criticality hypothesis posits such a setpoint. Criticality is a state imbued with internally generated, multiscale, marginally stable dynamics that maximize the features of information processing. Experimental support emerged two decades ago and has accumulated at an accelerating pace despite disagreement. Here, we lay out the logic of criticality as a general computational endpoint and review experimental evidence. We perform a meta-analysis of 140 datasets published between 2003 and 2024. We find that a long-standing controversy is the product of a methodological choice with no bearing on underlying dynamics. Our results suggest that a new generation of research can leverage criticality-as a unifying principle of brain function-to accelerate understanding of behavior, cognition, and disease.

Indexed as

BrainCognitionModels, NeurologicalAnimalsHumansNeuronal Plasticitycritical brain hypothesiscriticalityhomeostasismarginal stabilitymeta-analysisnetwork dynamicsneuronal avalanchesoptimal computationsetpoint

Identifiers

PMID40555236
PMCPMC12374783

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.