Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40554857›Full record

ArticleJournal of health economics2025

Back to school: The effect of school visits during COVID-19 on COVID-19 outcomes.

Dena Bravata, Jonathan Cantor, Neeraj Sood, Christopher Whaley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of health economics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Dena BravataStanford University Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, USA. Electronic address: dbravata@gmail.com.
Jonathan CantorRAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA. Electronic address: jcantor@rand.org.
Neeraj SoodUniversity of Southern California and NBER, USA. Electronic address: nsood@usc.edu.
Christopher WhaleyBrown University, Providence, RI, USA. Electronic address: christopher_whaley@brown.edu.

Funding

Health Services Utilization During the COVID-19 PandemicR01AG073286 · NIA · RAND CORPORATION · PI Christopher Whaley · 2022 to 2026
$1.8M
The Effects of Insurance Benefit Design Innovation on Patient HealthK01AG061274 · NIA · RAND CORPORATION · PI WHALEY, CHRISTOPHER · 2019 to 2023
$649k
NIA NIH HHS K01 AG061274NIA NIH HHS R01 AG073286
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The effects of school closures on COVID-19 transmission remain unclear, even after the conclusion of the national Public Health Emergency. We use healthcare claims data from 130 million household-week observations linked to smartphone mobility data to measure the effects of changes in county-level visits to schools on COVID-19 outcomes. We use a triple-differences approach that leverages within-county differences in exposure between families with and without school-age children and find modest impacts. We find increases in COVID-19 infection rates, with larger differences in low-income and higher COVID-19 prevalence counties.

Indexed as

COVID-19SchoolsAdolescentChildFemaleHumansMaleSARS-CoV-2SmartphoneUnited StatesCell phone mobility dataCOVID-19 pandemicSchool closures

Identifiers

PMID40554857
PMCPMC13616136

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.