ArticlePloS one2025
Exploring varicella zoster virus proteome for construction and validation of a multi-epitope based subunit vaccine using multifaceted immunoinformatics approaches.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A multi-epitope pan-betacoronavirus vaccine construct predicted to induce broad-spectrum and durable immune responses: an immunoinformatics approach.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Varicella zoster (VZ) is a viral disease caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV) that is related to alphaherpesvirus subfamily. VZV causes a neurotropic disease in humans. The aim of this work was to stimulate the human immune system by developing a multi-epitope vaccine based on five VZV surface proteins. Multiple immunoinformatics techniques were applied to assess B-cell and T-cell epitopes. The population coverage of each T-cell epitope was analyzed and the results showed high population coverage scores. The vaccine consists of 615 amino acids and it was antigenic and non-allergenic. The vaccine's hydrophilicity, stability, presence of aliphatic side chains, and thermal stability were all determined through an analysis of its physical and chemical characteristics. Also the vaccine demonstrated the least homology to human proteome (11%). Using the PSIPRED server and the Ramachandran plot, the vaccine's secondary and tertiary structures were predicted, enhanced, and validated. The structural errors were assessed using the ProSA web tool. Furthermore, the vaccine's solubility was higher than that of the E. coli proteins. Following immune simulation, there were significant amounts of T-cells, INF-γ, IL-2, and antibodies. Significant docking scores were obtained for each predicted epitopes and for the vaccine when docked to TLR4 chains. The TLR4-vaccine complex was highly stable according to molecular dynamic modeling. In silico cloning was performed to assess the vaccine's expression in the pET28a(+) vector, and the cloning results were efficient for translation. To ascertain the vaccine's effectiveness, in vivo and in vitro investigations, including clinical trials are required.
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