Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40554384›Full record

ArticleBiosensors & bioelectronics2025

Magnetic bead-based electrochemical surrogate virus neutralization test for quantification of antibody neutralizing efficiency.

Rae A Bellows, Kira L Rahn, Wyatt C Hummel, E Handly Mayton, Henri W Berry, Elizabeth P Ryan, Brian J Geiss, David S Dandy, Charles S Henry

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biosensors & bioelectronics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Rae A BellowsDepartment of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
Kira L RahnDepartment of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
Wyatt C HummelDepartment of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
E Handly MaytonDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
Henri W BerryDepartment of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
Elizabeth P RyanDepartment of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
Brian J GeissDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
David S DandySchool of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
Charles S HenryDepartment of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA. Electronic address: chuck.henry@colostate.edu.

Funding

Development of a robust HIV-1 diagnostic system (HIV-eCaDI) for at-home testing: SUPPLEMENTR61AI181052 · NIAID · COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI DAVID S DANDY, Brian Geiss · 2024 to 2026
$1.4M
A SARS-CoV-2 NFC ePAD BiosensorR01EB031510 · NIBIB · COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI DANDY, DAVID S, GEISS, BRIAN · 2021 to 2022
$1.0M
NIAID NIH HHS R61 AI181052NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB031510
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rapid and inexpensive quantification of antibody neutralizing efficiency is currently limited due to the use of live virus and strict biosafety level requirements necessary to perform a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), severely restricting efficient evaluation of vaccine efficacy, establishment of correlates of protection, and determination of individual immune status for many viral diseases. Based on the surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), we demonstrate a magnetic bead-based electrochemical sVNT (esVNT) for sensitive quantification of SARS-CoV-2 antibody neutralization efficiency in under 15 min using a portable potentiostat. By utilizing magnetic beads as a solid phase for the capture probe and chronoamperometric detection, we show increased capture efficiency of reagents, minimal washing steps, and rapid signal generation without sacrificing sensitivity. The esVNT yields accurate quantification of neutralization efficiency for both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, even in the presence of potential interferents, as verified by comparison to sVNT. Spiked control serum and serum samples from a biorepository were evaluated, showing minimal matrix effects and the expected neutralization efficiency trends versus disease severity for esVNT compared to PRNT. Trends in PRNT and esVNT responses resulting from clonality, affinity, and neutralization mechanisms are also examined.

Indexed as

Antibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBiosensing TechniquesCOVID-19Electrochemical TechniquesNeutralization TestsSARS-CoV-2HumansImmunomagnetic SeparationAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBiosensorsElectrochemistryImmunologyMagnetic beadsNeutralization testsNeutralizing antibodies

Identifiers

PMID40554384
PMCPMC12276914

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.