Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40553371›Full record

ArticleTissue engineering and regenerative medicine2025

Stepwise Administration of Bone-Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles Encapsulating Valproic Acid and TUDCA Facilitates In Vivo Direct Reprogramming for Osteoporosis Treatment.

Hyoeun Park, Woong Jin Cho, Jiseong Kim, Hyejong Choi, Inho Baek, Youngjin Kim, Deogil Kim, Byoung Ju Kim, Yoshie Arai, Soo-Hong Lee

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Hyoeun ParkDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
Woong Jin ChoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
Jiseong KimDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
Hyejong ChoiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
Inho BaekDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
Youngjin KimDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
Deogil KimDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
Byoung Ju KimDepartment of Research & Development Team, ATEMs, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Yoshie AraiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea. ruddov@gmail.com.
Soo-Hong LeeDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea. soohong@dongguk.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6369-8301

Funding

Ministry of Education RS-2023-00257290Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea 2022R1A2C3004850Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea RS-2023-00208529Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea RS-2023-00246418Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea RS-2023-00275501Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea RS-2024-00405381
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe ultimate goal of regenerative medicine is to restore damaged tissues to a healthy state in the body. Direct reprogramming, also referred to as transdifferentiation, holds significant therapeutic potential by converting abundant somatic cells, such as fibroblasts, into functionally distinct cell types for tissue regeneration. Despite its potential applications in regenerative medicine, direct reprogramming faces major challenges, including low efficiency and poor In vivo applicability. In this study, we propose a novel therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis based on In vivo direct reprogramming using a stepwise delivery approach that first enhances cellular stemness and subsequently induces osteogenic transdifferentiation. Enhancing stemness in lineage-committed cells facilitates their conversion into other functional cell types.

methodTo investigate the efficiency of direct reprogramming via stepwise delivery, we utilized valproic acid (VPA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) as reprogramming and bone-stimulating factors, respectively. VPA increased the expression of stemness genes, including Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2, and subsequent treatment of TUDCA enhanced the expression of osteogenic genes in the mouse fibroblast. Targeted delivery of these factors to fibroblasts surrounding bone tissue, enabling subsequent direct reprogramming into osteoblasts, was achieved using bisphosphonate (BP)-conjugated lipid nanoparticles as carriers.

resultsOur findings demonstrate that sequential induction of cell reprogramming and tissue regeneration through stepwise administration of VPA and TUDCA significantly enhances therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of osteoporosis compared to their simultaneous administration.

conclusionThis stepwise bone-targeted drug delivery system presents a promising strategy for osteoporosis treatment via In vivo direct reprogramming.

Indexed as

Bone and BonesCellular ReprogrammingNanoparticlesOsteoporosisTaurochenodeoxycholic AcidValproic AcidAnimalsFibroblastsLiposomesMiceOsteogenesisLipid NanoparticlesLiposomesTaurochenodeoxycholic AcidursodoxicoltaurineValproic AcidBone-targeted lipid nanoparticlesDirect reprogrammingMouse fibroblastsOsteoporosisStepwise treatment

Identifiers

PMID40553371
PMCPMC12297224

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.