ArticlePsychopharmacology2026
Effect of lemborexant on sleep-wake state discrepancy in participants with insomnia disorder.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Perfectionism Contributes to Sleep-Wake State Discrepancy: The Mediating Role of Pre-Sleep Arousal.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Factors associated with sleep state misperception in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Comparable fracture risk between orexin and melatonin receptor agonists: integrating active-comparator and population-based evidence.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleThe efficacy of hypnotic drugs for sleep-wake state discrepancy remains unclear.
objectiveThis study evaluated the efficacy of lemborexant in improving sleep-wake state discrepancy in insomnia disorder and its associations with sleep quality and daytime functioning.
methodsTwenty-nine participants diagnosed with insomnia disorder were treated with lemborexant for 12 weeks. Objective sleep parameters were measured using a home electroencephalography device, and subjective parameters were obtained from electronic sleep diaries. Sleep-wake state discrepancy indices, including discrepancies of sleep onset latency (disSOL), wake after sleep onset (disWASO), total sleep time (disTST), and sleep efficiency (disSE), were calculated as objective minus subjective sleep parameters. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were used to assess sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. Linear mixed-effects models were used for data analysis.
resultsBoth subjective and objective sleep parameters were improved at 12 weeks after lemborexant administration. The disTST decreased significantly at 4 and 12 weeks. The disSOL increased and disSE decreased significantly by 12 weeks. Participants with defined sleep-wake state discrepancy (disTST > 0 min) showed greater decreases in these indices, whereas minimal changes were observed in those without. The disWASO did not change significantly among baseline and 4 and 12 weeks. The improvement in disTST demonstrated a significant association with the reduction of ESS scores (p = 0.008), whereas there was no substantial effect on PSQI scores.
conclusionsThe present findings suggest that lemborexant treatment reduces sleep-wake state discrepancy, which may be associated with improved daytime functioning in patients with insomnia disorder.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.