ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025
BCG-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Induce TLR2-Dependent Trained Immunity to Protect Against Polymicrobial Sepsis.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Dexmedetomidine reduces the inflammation level and morality in adult sepsis: a systemic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- An Rv1471-expressing chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine confers protection against tuberculosis by inducing alveolar macrophage trained immunity and polyfunctional T-cell responses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Role of Exosomes During Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Double-Edged Sword.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Metabolic-epigenetic rewiring of CCR5Science advances · 2026Article
- BCG HSP70 Reprograms Macrophages via Central Trained Immunity to Suppress Prostate Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Trained immunity modulators: A new frontier in immunoregulation and disease intervention.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Trained Immunity in Neutrophils and Mononuclear Phagocytes: Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Functions.Cells · 2026Review
- How to Employ Trained Immunity and Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines to Inhibit Allergic Inflammation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as multifaceted regulators of human diseases and emerging therapeutic platforms.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Tiny packages, big potential: bacterial membrane vesicles in vaccinology.Microbial cell factories · 2025Review
- BCG-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Induce TLR2-Dependent Trained Immunity to Protect Against Polymicrobial Sepsis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Trained immunity, an innate immune memory, has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance host defense against sepsis, a leading cause of mortality in critical care. While Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most widely used vaccine for tuberculosis prevention, its broader use as an inducer of trained immunity is limited by adverse reactions. Here, it is reported that BCG-derived outer membrane vesicles (B-OMVs) effectively trigger trained immunity to protect against experimental polymicrobial sepsis. Comprehensive characterization and safety assessments confirmed that B-OMVs exhibited no significant toxicity or pathological effects, positioning them as a promising alternative to conventional BCG vaccines and E. coli-derived outer membrane vesicles (E-OMVs) in terms of both efficacy and safety. Mechanistically, B-OMVs enhanced trained immunity by promoting hematopoietic stem cell expansion and myelopoiesis via toll like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent activation of aerobic glycolysis and epigenetic reprogramming. This led to an amplified immune response and enhanced phagocytic activity in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Together, these findings establish B-OMVs as a novel immunomodulatory agent against sepsis-induced immune dysfunction, with translational potential.
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Registered trials
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