ArticleJournal of extracellular biology2025
Monitoring Pseudoprogression Using Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicles Expressing PD-L1 in a Melanoma Patient Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Article in Journal of extracellular biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05744076 (Analysis of Circulating Exosomes in Melanoma Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Analysis of Circulating Exosomes in Melanoma Patients
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The role and prospects of extracellular vesicles in advanced drug and vaccine delivery.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advancing precision immuno-oncology in melanoma: the synergistic convergence of personalized neoantigen vaccines and multi-omics biomarker profiling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Continuing immune checkpoint inhibitors after pseudoprogression improves survival in lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic malignancy. However, unique immune response patterns can occur, such as pseudoprogression, which corresponds to new lesion development or temporary tumour growth followed by regression. Misidentifying pseudoprogression may halt ICI therapy, due to the absence of biomarkers to distinguish progression from pseudoprogression. In 2020, our team proposed small extracellular vesicles expressing PD-L1 (sEV-PD-L1) as a predictor of melanoma treatment response. We report a case of pseudoprogression in a patient treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma, and showing reduced circulating sEV-PD-L1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PD-L1 monitoring in circulating sEV during pseudoprogression under ICI. A decrease in PD-L1 in circulating sEV might be an early sign of disease response to ICI, and may help to diagnose pseudoprogression. This case supports further evaluation of sEV-PD-L1 to identify responder patients to ICI, especially in case of pseudoprogression. Trial Registration: EXOMEL1 P/2018/40 1 AC-2015-2496/DC-2014-2086. NCT05744076.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.