ReviewFrontiers in physiology2025
Neuromuscular adaptations to resistance training in elite versus recreational athletes.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07546513 (Effects of Cistanche Supplementation on Anaerobic Exercise Performance and Recovery in Men With Different Athletic Training Levels), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Cistanche Supplementation on Anaerobic Exercise Performance and Recovery in Men With Different Athletic Training Levels: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Fatigue-induced changes in static and dynamic balance control in athletes with chronic ankle instability: a systematic review.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- The Effects of Advanced Resistance Training Prescription Methods on Strength, Power, Hypertrophy, and Performance Adaptations in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of repeated sprint training on repeated sprint ability and short-distance sprint performance in youth soccer players: a meta-analysis.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Optimal exercise modalities for post-intervention motor function changes in stroke survivors: a pairwise and network meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Optimizing Session Frequency in EEG Biofeedback: A Comparative Study of Protocol Dynamics and Neuromuscular Adaptation in Elite Judo Athletes.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Trial
- A Hierarchical Three-Stage Feature Selection Strategy for Efficient and Generalizable sEMG-Based Joint Torque Estimation in Athletic Training and Rehabilitation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrative Nutritional Strategies for Performance, Recovery, and Weight Management in Taekwondo.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Trainability of repetitions-in-reserve estimation in younger and older adults: a parallel-group repeated-measures study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Trunk Muscle Performance, Spinal Alignment, and Postural Profiles in 9-11-Year-Old Children Participating in Intensively Organized Sport Assessed with Non-Radiographic Tools.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Training Sequence Matters: Neuromuscular Training Followed by Small-Sided Games Enhances Physical Fitness and Soccer-Specific Performance in Prepubertal Soccer Players.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Article
- High-Intensity Exercise Performance as a Complex Adaptive System: An Integrative Review.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Association between physical activity of different intensities and balance ability in preschool children: gender and age differences.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Comparison of Strength Adaptation Responses Among Individuals with Different Muscle Fiber Type Profiles.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Development of Neuromuscular Performance and Multidirectional Speed in Youth Badminton Players: Evidence for Parallel Adaptation Trajectories.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of Mind-Muscle Connection on Muscle Activity During Machine-Based Shoulder Press in Untrained Individuals.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Inspiratory muscle training enhances jumping power and shooting performance in elite air pistol athletes.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Effect of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis-Part II: Specific Performance Indicators.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- Sport Expertise and Twitch-Derived Agonist-Antagonist Contractile Ratio in Karate Athletes.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neuromuscular adaptations to resistance training drive strength and performance improvements, but differences between elite and recreational athletes remain underexplored. Understanding the underlying mechanisms can refine training approaches and enhance athletic development. This review synthesized findings from the past decade regarding how training status, age, sex, and genetics influence neuromuscular adaptations to resistance training, identified key gaps in the literature, and provided practical recommendations for tailoring training to different athletic levels. This critical review synthesized evidence on neuromuscular adaptations to resistance training, focusing on muscle hypertrophy, architectural changes, motor unit recruitment, neural drive, fiber-type transitions, and genetic influences. Methodological limitations and gaps were highlighted, with a focus on elite versus recreational populations. Muscle hypertrophy and strength gains occur rapidly in novices but plateau in advanced athletes, requiring more complex stimuli. Neural adaptations, including improved motor unit synchronization and reduced antagonist co-contraction, distinguish elite from recreational athletes. Genetic predispositions and training history further modulate adaptations. Fatigue, recovery, and injury risk differ between groups, underscoring the need for tailored monitoring and recovery strategies. Research gaps include inconsistent methodologies, limited elite athlete data, and underrepresentation of female cohorts. Future studies should integrate neurophysiological tools and long-term designs to clarify these mechanisms. Effective training requires adjusting intensity and volume based on an athlete's training status. Foundational strength programs benefit youth, while elite athletes require periodization and advanced methods. Policy-level support for supervised resistance training in youth can enhance performance and injury resilience. Addressing these insights can optimize training outcomes across athletic levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.