ArticleInfectious diseases of poverty2025
A novel combined quadrivalent self-amplifying mRNA-LNP vaccine provokes protective immunity against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis in mice.
Article in Infectious diseases of poverty, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- A novel self-amplified RNA vaccine co-expressing NA and HA1 delivered by Salmonella confers potent protection against H9N2 influenza in chickens.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Vaccination with live-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii mutants RHΔtkl1 and PruΔpp2a-c induces protective immunity in sheep.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Vaccines Against Neglected Diseases: New Promises from Genetically Modified Live-Attenuated Parasites and RNA Vaccines.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Live attenuated RHΔtkl1 and PruΔpp2a-c mutants of Toxoplasma gondii are promising vaccine candidates conferring protection in pigs.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Advances and Translational Challenges inVeterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines Against Toxoplasma gondii: Immunological Rationale, Platform Strategies, and Translational Challenges.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
- mRNA based vaccines and therapeutics for parasitic infections: a comprehensive review.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundToxoplasma gondii, an intracellular parasitic protozoan, which infects almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans, causes toxoplasmosis. However, we lack effective drugs and vaccines to control toxoplasmosis, representing a clinical challenge. Therefore, safe and effective vaccines are urgently needed. In this study, a self-replicating mRNA vaccine comprising four T. gondii antigens: ROP18, TGME49_237490, TGME49_268230, and MIC13, named 4x-mRNA-LNP (lipid nanoparticle), was developed, and its protective efficacy was evaluated in mice.
methodsThe expression of this vaccine in eukaryotic Human embryonic kidney 293 T (HEK-293 T) cells and mouse myoblast (C2C12) cells were analyzed, followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) evaluation of the elicited humoral immune response. Subsequently, the vaccine-triggered immune responses in mice were detected, including antibody titers, T lymphocyte subsets, and cytokine levels. Finally, its immunoprotective effects were evaluated after challenging mice with T. gondii PRU oocysts or tachyzoites of different strains and analyzing the pathological changes, parasite loads, and mouse survival time. Western blotting and ELISA confirmed the successful eukaryotic expression and immunogenicity of 4x-mRNA, respectively. Statistical analyses, including the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, Student's t-test, and one-way ANOVA, were performed using GraphPad Prism software.
resultsMice vaccinated with 4x-mRNA-LNP generated higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies (P < 0.05) and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ) (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The high specific IgG titer was maintained for at least 10 weeks after the last vaccination. The proportion of CD3
conclusionsThe 4x-mRNA-LNP vaccine triggered effective long-term antibody levels in mice, thus representing a promising candidate to further develop anti-toxoplasmosis vaccines.
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