Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40550633›Full record

ArticleBJGP open2025

Urinary tract infection in outpatients in Germany: a cross-sectional study of diagnostics and susceptibility testing in medical laboratories.

Hannah Bender, Kathrin Jobski, Guido Schmiemann, Axel Hamprecht, Falk Hoffmann

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BJGP open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hannah BenderDepartment of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany hannah.bender@uni-oldenburg.de.
Kathrin JobskiDepartment of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Guido SchmiemannDepartment of Health Services Research, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Axel HamprechtInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Falk HoffmannDepartment of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, representing a frequent cause of antibiotic prescription in primary care worldwide. Selection of antibiotics for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the reporting of test results by laboratories can directly impact antibiotic prescribing and guideline adherence.

aimTo assess the current practice of susceptibility testing by laboratories for outpatient UTIs in Germany. DESIGN &

settingA cross-sectional study was conducted including all laboratories identified by searching for specialists in laboratory medicine and microbiology on the websites of the 17 German associations of statutory health insurance physicians.

methodBetween January and April 2024, a survey using a standardised questionnaire was conducted across identified laboratories.

resultsOf the 396 laboratories identified, 65.2% (

conclusionLaboratories should test and report as many first-line antibiotics as possible. Further, a more detailed and standardised transfer of clinical information to laboratories could enhance the quality of antibiotic prescribing.

Indexed as

antimicrobial stewardshipguideline adherencehealth services researchoutpatientsprimary health careurinary tract infections

Identifiers

PMID40550633
PMCPMC12820486

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.