ArticleOphthalmology2025
The Epidemiology of Sports-Related Orbital Fractures in the United States.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo characterize the epidemiologic features of sports-related orbital fractures in the United States, including incidence, demographic patterns, mechanisms of injury, and associated ocular injuries.
designRetrospective cohort study.
participantsPatients with sports-related facial fractures recorded in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database from 2014 through 2023.
methodsPatients were identified using NEISS body part and diagnosis codes, along with trauma narratives specific to orbital fractures. National estimates were calculated using NEISS statistical weights. Demographics, sport type, fracture location, and associated ocular injuries were evaluated using descriptive statistics.
main outcome measuresIncidence and national estimates of sports-related orbital fractures, demographic distribution, sport type, fracture site, and frequency of associated ocular injuries.
resultsA total of 1468 patients with sports-related orbital fractures were identified, corresponding to a national estimate of 49 765 patients (95% confidence interval, 47 219-52 311). The mean ± standard deviation age was 27.1 ± 19.0 years, with the highest frequency in the 10- to 19-year age group. Seventy-nine percent of patients were male. The most frequently implicated sports were baseball (28.6%), bicycling (23.1%), and softball (6.7%). The orbital floor was the most commonly fractured site (59.8%). Among 865 patients with secondary injury data from 2019 through 2023, 13.8% of patients sustained associated ocular or periocular injuries, including eyelid lacerations (17.6%), corneal abrasions (13.4%), and hyphema (9.2%).
conclusionsSports-related orbital fractures remain a significant cause of facial trauma in the United States, particularly among male adolescents and young adults. Baseball and bicycling are leading contributors. The predominance of orbital floor fractures and the presence of associated ocular injuries underscore the need for improved preventive strategies, including the adoption of sport-specific protective eyewear and targeted safety policies to reduce the burden of these injuries. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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