Trial reportMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2025
Ultrasound Measurement of Pupillary Dilation Reflex During Induction of General Anesthesia Using Sufentanil: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07199049 (Monitoring Eyelid Reflex, Eye Movements, and Pupil Responses in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Monitoring Eyelid Reflex, Eye Movements, and Pupil Responses in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia: Neuro-Mimic Indicators of Anesthesia Depth
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in Remote Monitoring Technology Applications in Anesthesia: A Narrative Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- Esketamine vs. sufentanil for anesthesia induction in elderly patients undergoing transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB): effect on hemodynamic stability, airway reactivity, and oxygenation.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring nociception is extraordinarily challenging during general anesthesia. This study aimed to observe pupillary dilation reflex by ultrasound and determine whether ultrasonic pupillary parameters are correlated with sufentanil dose during the induction period of general anesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 93 patients undergoing general anesthesia. They were randomly divided into 3 groups - group P (saline), group S1 (0.2 μg/kg sufentanil), and group S2 (0.4 μg/kg sufentanil) - according to the sufentanil dose of induction. Patients were administered a tetanic stimulation 5 min after intravenous injection with sufentanil. Ultrasonic pupil diameters were recorded and measured at 4 time points: T0 (entering the room awake), T1 (after loss of consciousness), T2 (5 min after intravenous injection with sufentanil), and T3 (the moment at which pupil diameter was maximum after stimulation). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and BIS at T0~T3 were recorded. The process of pupillary dilation reflex was recorded in ultrasound views and videos to generate relevant clinical data, including pupillary dilation reflex amplitude, pupillary dilation reflex rate, whether pupillary dilation reflex was inhibited, pupillary dilation reflex latency, and pupillary dilation reflex duration. RESULTS Ultrasonic pupillary dilation reflex amplitude and pupillary dilation reflex rate were negatively correlated with sufentanil dose [Spearman r=-0.84 (95% CI, -0.88 to -0.77), p<0.01, Spearman r=-0.74, (95% CI, -0.82 to -0.64), p<0.01]. Only PD responded to stimulation within 30 s, whereas systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and BIS did not respond to stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound can be a useful method for observing pupillary dilation reflex, and sufentanil inhibits pupillary dilation reflex in a dose-dependent manner. Ultrasonic pupillary dilation reflex is sensitive to noxious stimulation.
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