Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40549004›Full record

ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2025

Joint association of milk intake and blood 25(OH)D levels with fracture risk in postmenopausal women: 20-year follow-up data from the Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis cohort study.

Kuniyasu Kamiya, Akane Kojima, Takahiro Tachiki, Nami Imai, Katsuyasu Kouda, Masami Hamada, Asako Kudo, Kouji Tsuda, Akiko Hata, Kumiko Ohara and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Kuniyasu KamiyaBasic Medical Sciences Region, Kobe City College of Nursing, 3-4 Gakuen-Nishi-Machi, Nishi-Ku, Kobe, Japan. kuniyasu-kamiya@kobe-ccn.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1727-4214
Akane KojimaDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Yamanashi Gakuin University, Kofu, Japan.
Takahiro TachikiFaculty of Nursing, University of Kochi, Kochi, Japan.
Nami ImaiDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Medical Business Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Japan.
Katsuyasu KoudaDepartment of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.
Masami HamadaDepartment of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane, Japan.
Asako KudoDepartment of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan.
Kouji TsudaDepartment of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan.
Akiko HataDepartment of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan.
Kumiko OharaDepartment of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Naoyuki TakashimaDepartment of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Yuho SatoDepartment of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jin-Ai University, Echizen, Japan.
Miho TanakaDepartment of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan.
Jun KitagawaCollege of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.
Kazuhiro UenishiLaboratory of Physiological Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakado, Japan.
Junko TamakiDepartment of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan.
Etsuko KajitaNagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
Sadanobu KagamimoriUniversity of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
Toshio MatsumotoUniversity of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
Masayuki IkiDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 15H02526Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 15H04789Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 16K15384Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 16K19263Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 23390180Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 23500852Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 23590824Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 23657176Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 23659362Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 24390505
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The associations between milk intake frequency and fracture risk in groups categorized by 25(OH)D levels were investigated using 20-year follow-up data. A significant association was observed only among women with 25(OH)D levels < 15 ng/mL. The measurement of blood 25(OH)D levels should be prioritized for individuals with low milk intake. PURPOSE: To investigate the association between milk intake frequency and fracture risk in groups based on blood 25(OH)D levels.

methodsThis secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study included data from 1209 postmenopausal Japanese women aged ≥ 50 years. Baseline milk intake frequency was obtained using a questionnaire. Blood 25(OH)D levels were measured using a competitive protein-binding assay. Information on fracture events was obtained from face-to-face interviews through follow-up or supplemental mail surveys.

resultsOver a median follow-up period of 16.1 years (total: 17,427 person-years), 358 and 238 women sustained at least one clinical and osteoporotic fracture, respectively. The proportions of participants with milk intake < 1 glass/day and those with 25(OH)D levels < 15 ng/mL were 31.9% and 21.6%, respectively. In univariate Cox proportional hazard analyses, a 25(OH)D level < 15 ng/mL and a milk intake of < 1 glass/day were associated with an increased risk of clinical and osteoporotic fractures. Among participants with 25(OH)D levels < 15 ng/mL, the adjusted hazard ratios for milk intake < 1 glass/day compared to ≥ 1 glass/day were 1.99 (95% confidence interval: 1.32-2.99) and 2.11 (1.28-3.47) for clinical and osteoporotic fractures, respectively. In contrast, the HRs were not significant among those with 25(OH)D levels ≥ 15 ng/mL.

conclusionA clear positive association was identified between milk intake frequency and fracture risk among Japanese women after menopause with low 25(OH)D levels. Therefore, correcting vitamin D insufficiency would likely lower fracture risk. In addition, encouraging habitual milk intake may help prevent fractures, particularly among individuals with low 25(OH)D levels.

Indexed as

DietMilkOsteoporotic FracturesVitamin DAgedAnimalsEast Asian PeopleFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansJapanMiddle AgedOsteoporosis, PostmenopausalProspective StudiesRisk AssessmentVitamin D Deficiency25-hydroxyvitamin DVitamin D25(OH)DBone mineral densityFractureMilk intakePostmenopausal womenVitamin D

Identifiers

PMID40549004

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.