ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2025
The Association of Muscle-Related Factors With Glaucoma and Related Traits in a Large United Kingdom Population.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Reliability of force production based on the sense of effort at different force levels.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that muscle-related factors influence glaucoma risk, we examined the association of grip strength (GS), thigh muscle volume (TMV), and walking pace (WP) with glaucoma and its related traits. Methods: We included UK Biobank participants with data on IOP (N = 114,284), optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular inner retinal layer thickness measures (N = 44,141) and glaucoma status (N = 105,556; 2006-2010). Linear regression was used to evaluate multivariable-adjusted associations of GS, TMV, and WP with IOP and macular inner retinal OCT parameters, and logistic regression was used to evaluate associations with glaucoma status. We additionally examined gene-GS interactions with each outcome using a polygenic risk score (PRS) that combined the effects of 2673 genetic variants associated with glaucoma. Results: After adjustment for key anthropometric, lifestyle, and medical covariables, we found each additional standard deviation (SD) increase in GS (8.6 kg in men and 6.1 kg in women) was associated with thicker macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) by 0.08 µm (P = 0.013) and 0.07 µm (P = 0.010) in men and women, respectively; thicker macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) by 0.12 µm (P = 0.003) and 0.17 µm (P < 0.001); higher IOP by 0.15 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg; P < 0.001) and 0.16 mm Hg (P < 0.001) and lower odds of glaucoma (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, P < 0.001) in men only. The association with glaucoma was replicated in the independent EPIC-Norfolk cohort. Faster WP and greater TMV were also associated with lower odds of glaucoma in men only (P = 0.004 and P = 0.017, respectively). Stronger GS-IOP associations were observed in participants with a higher level of genetic risk for glaucoma (Pinteraction < 0.001). Conclusions: In this cross-sectional and gene-environment interaction study, factors relating to muscle strength, mass, and function were consistently associated with higher IOP, thicker inner retinal OCT measures in both sexes, and lower odds of glaucoma in men.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.