ReviewAnnals of medicine2025
TMAO and the gut microbiome: implications for the CVD-CKD-IBD axis.
Review in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Life-Course Programming of Kidney Disease: Roles of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Oxidative Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Microbiota-derived metabolites and cardiovascular implications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Urinary metabolites and fatigue in a population-based metabolomics study: an exploratory analysis.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as immune modulators in aging and age-related chronic inflammatory diseases.Ageing research reviews · 2026Review
- Inflammatory bowel disease and renal disorders: from clinical associations to shared mechanisms and management strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exploring the Role of Microbiota-Mediated Gut-Kidney Axis in Acute Kidney Injury: Immunomodulation and Therapy.Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite produced by the gut microbiome from dietary nutrients such as choline and carnitine. Recent research has found that TMAO is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and, more recently, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although TMAO is linked to conditions characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis and gut microbiome imbalances, its exact role in disease development remains unclear. This review examines TMAO's potential role as a key link in the IBD-CKD-CVD disease spectrum. Highlighting the importance of limiting TMAO production, we propose several promising strategies to achieve its reduction. Specifically, we focus on microbiome therapies as innovative methods for managing TMAO levels. This approach offers a hopeful avenue for addressing the complex interplay between gut health and systemic chronic human diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.