Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40548291›Full record

ArticleWater2025

Ball-Milled Spent Coffee Ground Biochar Effectively Removes Caffeine from Water.

Yicheng Yang, Yongshan Wan, Jianjun Chen, Hao Chen, Yuncong Li, Rafael Muñoz-Carpena, Yulin Zheng, Jinsheng Huang, Yue Zhang, Bin Gao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Water, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yicheng YangDepartment of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1538-2171
Yongshan WanUS EPA Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA.
Jianjun ChenMid-Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0293-4574
Hao ChenDepartment of Agriculture, Landscape, and Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
Yuncong LiDepartment of Soil and Water Sciences, Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6331-083X
Rafael Muñoz-CarpenaDepartment of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2838-1514
Yulin ZhengDepartment of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Jinsheng HuangDepartment of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3580-344X
Yue ZhangDepartment of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6889-1952
Bin GaoDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3769-0191

Funding

Intramural EPA EPA999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Caffeine in aquatic ecosystems is an emerging contaminant causing significant environmental concern. In this work, spent coffee ground (SCG) was pyrolyzed at 300, 450, and 600 °C to produce pristine SCG biochars (CG), which were then ball-milled to produce ball-milled SCG biochars (BMCG). A batch experiment with ball-milled and pristine biochars showed that ball-milled biochars pyrolyzed at 450 °C and 600 °C had the highest capacities to adsorb caffeine. Subsequently, ball-milled CG450 (BMCG450) was selected for further analysis. The results showed that ball milling dramatically augmented the specific surface area and oxygen-containing functional groups of the biochar. The Langmuir maximum caffeine adsorption capacity was 82.65 mg/g. Both solution pH and ionic strength affected caffeine removal by BMCG450. As pH increased, increased electrostatic repulsion limited caffeine adsorption onto the biochar. However, an increase in ion strength slightly enhanced caffeine adsorption because of the electrostatic screening effect of cations. The ball-milled SCG biochar also showed high adsorption efficiency in a completely mixed flow reactor under continuous flow conditions. Our study indicates that ball-milled SCG biochar at 450 °C can serve as a viable sorbent for the removal of caffeine from water.

Indexed as

adsorptionball millingbiocharcaffeinecompletely mixed flow reactorspent coffee ground

Identifiers

PMID40548291
PMCPMC12181942

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.