Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40548262›Full record

ArticleWorld journal of diabetes2025

Glycated hemoglobin is not enough: The role of glycemia risk index for glycemic control assessment in type 1 diabetes.

Bin-Bin He, Zi-Zhu Liu, Ruo-Yao Xu, Li Fan, Rui Guo, Chao Deng, Yu-Ting Xie, Zhi-Guang Zhou, Xia Li

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in World journal of diabetes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Bin-Bin HeDepartment of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
Zi-Zhu LiuDepartment of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
Ruo-Yao XuDepartment of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
Li FanDepartment of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
Rui GuoDepartment of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
Chao DengDepartment of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
Yu-Ting XieDepartment of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
Zhi-Guang ZhouDepartment of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
Xia LiDepartment of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China. lixia@csu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), the gold standard for assessing glycemic control, has limited ability to reflect the risks of hypoglycemia and glycemic variability, raising great concerns, especially in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The glycemia risk index (GRI), a composite metric derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), has emerged as a potential solution by systematically integrating both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia risks into a single interpretable score.

aimTo evaluate whether the GRI addresses HbA1c limitations.

methodsWe analyzed 328 patients with T1D using 681 CGM and clinical data points. Linear mixed-effects models were used to address the relationship between the GRI and HbA1c within repeated-measures data. Correlation and cluster analyses were used to assess the comprehensive GRI reflection of seven key ambulatory glucose profile parameters.

resultsThe GRI exhibited linear correlations with HbA1c (

conclusionThe GRI offers a comprehensive view of glycemic control in T1D. Combining HbA1c with the GRI enables accurate assessment for managing glycemic control in patients with T1D.

Indexed as

Continuous glucose monitoringGlycated hemoglobinGlycemia risk indexGlycemic control assessmentType 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40548262
PMCPMC12179899

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.