Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40547891›Full record

ArticlePreventive medicine reports2025

Racialized economic segregation, the built environment, and assault-related injury: Moderating role of green space and vacant housing.

Lea A Marineau, Kelly K Jones, Amanda K Small, Dennis W Buckman, Mudia Uzzi, Melanie Sona, Erin I Liedtke, Shannon N Zenk

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Local Violence as an Environmental Exposure with Increasing Relevance under Climate Change: A Conceptual Framework.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Lea A MarineauNational Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Kelly K JonesNational Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Amanda K SmallNational Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Dennis W BuckmanInformation Management Services, Inc., 1455 Research Blvd, Suite 315, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
Mudia UzziJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Melanie SonaNational Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Erin I LiedtkeNational Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Shannon N ZenkNational Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To examine the association between racialized economic segregation and assault-related injury hospital visits in metropolitan neighborhoods spanning five American states, and whether this relationship varies by vacant housing and green space. Methods: Data on assault visits from 2016 to 2019 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project were linked with population, landcover, and park data for Arizona, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and New York. Racialized economic segregation was operationalized using Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) for household income by race. All assault and firearm assault visits were aggregated by ZIP Code Tabulation Area and discharge year. Negative binomial regression was used to calculate incident rate ratios (aIRR) to estimate associations between segregation and assaults. Interaction terms between segregation and each green space and vacant housing moderator were included in separate models, adjusting for state, year of discharge, and population demographics. Results: For each 1-SD increase in ICE (increased advantage), all assault and firearm assault visit rates decreased (aIRR 0.62[0.60,0.64] and aIRR 0.43[0.41,0.45], respectively). Higher levels of vacant housing were associated with more all assault visits in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods but not in advantaged neighborhoods. Higher levels of forest space were protective for all assault and firearm assault visits in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods but not in advantaged neighborhoods. Conclusions: Neighborhoods with the least economic and social resources had higher all assault and firearm assault visit rates than neighborhoods with more. Our results highlight the potential mitigating role of forest space on the relationship between segregation and assault hospital visits.

Indexed as

Assault-related injuryBuilt environmentGreen spaceSegregationVacant housing

Identifiers

PMID40547891
PMCPMC12178919

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.