Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40547872›Full record

ReviewGlobal heart2025

Mendelian Randomisation: Concepts, Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Sophie C de Ruiter, Lena Tschiderer, Diederick E Grobbee, Peter Willeit, Hester M den Ruijter, A Floriaan Schmidt, Sanne A E Peters

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Global heart, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Genetic Susceptibility toLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sophie C de Ruiter *Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-1871-1033
Lena Tschiderer *Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Economics, Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-7988-853X
Diederick E GrobbeeJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4472-4468
Peter WilleitInstitute of Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Economics, Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-1866-7159
Hester M den RuijterLaboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-9762-014X
A Floriaan SchmidtDepartment of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-1327-0424
Sanne A E PetersJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0346-5412

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mendelian randomisation is an approach in genetic epidemiology that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to investigate the causal relationship between genetically proxied exposures and health outcomes. During the last years, the number of published Mendelian randomisation studies increased tremendously. There are several opportunities of Mendelian randomisation including obtaining potential causal relationships between both exogenous and endogenous exposures and outcomes and for identifying and prioritising drug-targets to inform clinical trials. However, it is also important to be aware of its challenges. This includes the reliability of results under the assumptions on instrumental variables, being aware of potential biases, the correct and critical interpretation of findings and comparison to the results of randomised controlled trials, as well as the availability of genetic data on specific subgroups. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the opportunities and challenges of Mendelian randomisation and presents key future perspectives.

Indexed as

Mendelian Randomization AnalysisHumanschallengesMendelian randomisationomicsopportunitiesperspectivesex-specificsubgroups

Identifiers

PMID40547872
PMCPMC12180438

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.