The pattern of self-medication practice among adult patients attending primary healthcare centers at NGHA in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Billions of people worldwide rely on self-medication, a key component of self-care endorsed by the World Health Organization. While self-medication, particularly with over-the-counter (OTC) medications, is generally considered safe, misuse-especially involving prescription medications-poses risks. This study explores the practice of self-medication among adult patients attending primary healthcare centers of NGHA in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from November 2022 to January 2023, involving 387 participants from four primary healthcare centers. Non-probability convenience sampling was used, with data collected through a well-structured questionnaire that assessed sociodemographic factors, self-medication habits, and awareness levels. Results: The majority of participants were female (60.20%), aged 25-35 years (38.50%), and married (65.10%). Chronic diseases were reported by 28.30% of participants. Self-medication was prevalent among 82.30%, primarily for pain relief (55.50%). Painkillers were the most commonly used (65.60%). Factors influencing self-medication included long waiting times (51.10%) and reliance on previous prescriptions (44.10%). Participants generally exhibited good knowledge, though this varied by gender and education level. Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of self-medication, particularly among females, with a focus on pain management and influenced by extended waiting times. While participants demonstrated overall good knowledge, there are specific areas, particularly related to medication details, that require improvement. The findings highlight the need for targeted public health education to address the potential risks associated with self-medication.