Trial reportDrug design, development and therapy2025
Efficacy and Safety of Ciprofol Alone versus Ciprofol with Fentanyl for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Drug design, development and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Precision Sedation for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Older Adults: Brain Vulnerability and Recovery.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Ciprofol is increasingly used in surgical procedures, and anesthesiologists have observed that it provides deeper sedation compared to propofol. However, it remains unclear whether the use of ciprofol alone, without combining opioids, is sufficient for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. This study aims to address this question. Objective: To determine whether ciprofol alone is non-inferior to ciprofol combined with fentanyl regarding sedation success and safety. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind trial, 344 adult patients (ASA I-II, aged 18-70 years) undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomized to receive either ciprofol with saline (CS group) or ciprofol with fentanyl (CF group). Participants in both groups received an initial ciprofol dose of (0.4 mg/kg). The CF group received (1 µg/kg) intravenously before ciprofol administration, while the CS group received an equivalent volume of saline. Additional ciprofol doses (0.15-0.30 mg/kg) were administered as needed. The primary outcome was sedation success, defined as procedure completion with no more than two additional ciprofol doses within any 5-minute interval. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of hypotension and hypoxemia, as well as adverse events. Results: Sedation success rates were 99.4% for CS and 100% for CF, demonstrating non-inferiority (difference: -0.6%, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.01). The CS group had lower respiratory depression rates and better hemodynamic stability but higher intraoperative coughing (18.1% vs 2.9%, P=0.01). Induction and recovery times were slightly longer in the CS group, and postoperative dizziness was more common (15.2% vs 7%, P=0.03). Conclusion: Ciprofol alone is non-inferior to ciprofol with fentanyl for sedation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and offers advantages in respiratory and hemodynamic stability. However, it is associated with increased coughing, minor delays in induction and recovery, and more postoperative dizziness.
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