Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40546587›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

A Multifaceted Analysis of Self-Medication With Antibiotics in South-East Delhi: A Mixed-Method Study Among Adults Who Self-Reported Antibiotic Use in the Past Three Months.

Roshan Jabeen, Aqsa Shaikh, Richa Gautam, Nusrat Nabi, Eram Sultana, Aysha Bano

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Roshan JabeenCommunity Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, IND.
Aqsa ShaikhCommunity Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, IND.
Richa GautamCommunity Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, IND.
Nusrat NabiPharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, IND.
Eram SultanaCommunity Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, IND.
Aysha BanoCommunity Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, IND.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives The misuse of antibiotics fuels antimicrobial resistance (AMR), rendering treatments ineffective, increasing healthcare costs, and increasing mortality. This study estimated the prevalence, patterns, and drivers of self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) among adults, alongside exploring the reasons behind this practice. Methodology This community-based mixed-method study ran from January 2023 to June 2024. Simple random sampling selected 250 participants for the quantitative component, and purposive sampling chose 19 participants for the qualitative component. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, and logistic regression were executed using SPSS (IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Thematic analysis of focus group discussions (FGDs) was done using NVivo 14 (Lumivero 2023,

Indexed as

amrantimicrobial resistanceknowledge-attitude-practicemixed-method studyprevalencequalitative studyself-medication with antibioticssma

Identifiers

PMID40546587
PMCPMC12182256

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.