ArticlePlant biotechnology journal2025
Planthopper protein Nlsp5 is essential for salivary sheath formation and acts as a HAMP inducing plant resistance to insects.
Article in Plant biotechnology journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The salivary protein NlG8 from Nilaparvata lugens induces both direct and indirect resistance in host rice plants.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Molecular interface of plant-insect warfare: functions and applications of salivary effectors in piercing-sucking pests.Pest management science · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
During herbivore feeding, plants can recognize herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) present in saliva and trigger pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Piercing-sucking insects secrete gel saliva, forming salivary sheaths that aid in feeding. However, the role of proteins within these salivary sheaths in modulating plant defences remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel HAMP, Nlsp5, from the salivary sheath of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH). Nlsp5 is a planthopper-specific protein and acts as an elicitor of BAK1-dependent PTI responses in both tobacco and rice plants. Moreover, the 19-amino-acid peptide (NP19) within Nlsp5 functions as a minimal immunogenic epitope, which is specifically recognized by plants, stimulating jasmonic acid and hydrogen peroxide pathways. Through exogenous treatment with synthetic NP19 and overexpressing Nlsp5 in rice, we further found that the induced defence responses not only impaired planthopper performance directly but also triggered the emission of volatile compounds that attract a common parasitoid. Additionally, NP19 treatment enhanced the resistance of rice, tobacco, and cotton to several chewing and sap-sucking insects. However, silencing Nlsp5 in BPH disrupted salivary sheath formation, reducing insect feeding efficiency. This study demonstrates that Nlsp5 from the BPH salivary sheath acts as an unavoidable HAMP, triggering resistance in multiple plants to various insect pests. The critical role of this protein in insect feeding precludes evolutionary adaptations to evade detection by plants.
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