Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40542948›Full record

SynthesisMedical oncology (Northwood, London, England)2025

Unlocking glioblastoma: breakthroughs in molecular mechanisms and next-generation therapies.

Fariah Rizwani, Pallavi Patil, Khush Jain

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Fariah RizwaniDepartment of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India.
Pallavi PatilDepartment of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India.
Khush JainPharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland. K.Jain2@universityofgalway.ie.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-8907

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GB) remains the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by rapid progression, recurrence, and resistance to conventional therapies. Despite advancements in surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, long-term survival rates remain low. This review comprehensively explores GB's molecular classification, pathological mechanisms, epidemiology, and emerging therapeutic strategies. Key genetic mutations in TP53, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and many more signaling pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog, TGF-β, and NF-κB drive tumor progression, therapy resistance, and immune evasion. Diagnostic advances, including multi-modal imaging and molecular profiling, have improved early detection and precision therapy selection. Conventional treatments such as temozolomide and radiation therapy provide modest benefits, but novel approaches offer promising alternatives. Immunotherapy, targeting checkpoint inhibitors and tumor vaccines, has emerged as a potential avenue for enhancing tumor control. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery, particularly liposomal formulations and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing improves blood-brain barrier penetration and reduces systemic toxicity. Targeted inhibitor-based therapies, including angiogenesis inhibitors, help limit tumor vascularization. Furthermore, a systematic review of 16 clinical trials highlights the emerging trends in combinatorial strategies, their adverse events, and outcomes, which remain pivotal for optimizing GB management. This review synthesizes current research while emphasizing future directions that could revolutionize GB therapeutic approaches and improve patient survival.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaHumansImmunotherapyMolecular Targeted TherapyGlioblastomaImmunotherapySystematic reviewTargeted therapyTherapeutic resistanceTumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID40542948
PMCPMC12182518

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.