ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2025
Cognitive and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in LGI-1-IgG Autoimmune Encephalitis.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Minimally Clinically Important Difference of the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Psychiatric symptoms as clinical warning signals of adult anti-LGI-1 encephalitis: an observational cohort study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveClinical outcome measures for autoimmune encephalitis (AE) are not yet well defined. Cognitive outcome measures (CogOs) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) may capture the symptoms of AE, beyond clinician-reported outcomes (ClinROs) (the Modified Rankin Scale [mRS] and Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis [CASE]).
methodsThis retrospective cohort study examined LGI-1-IgG AE patients at Cleveland Clinic. CogOs included the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT). PROs included Neuro-QoL, PROMIS Global Physical (GPH) and Mental Health (GMH). Abnormal RAVLT, BVMT (≤ -1.5 SD), Neuro-QoL, and PROMIS (≥ 10 T-scores) proportions were analyzed. CogOs and PROs were correlated with ClinROs using Spearman's rank correlation.
resultsForty-four patients (64% male, mean age 68 [SD = 11], median follow-up 19 months) were included. ClinROs improved, with median mRS decreasing from 2.5 (IQR = 2-3) to 2 (IQR = 1-2), and CASE from 5 (IQR = 3-6) to 3 (IQR = 2-3) (all p < 0.05). RAVLT (n = 15), BVMT (n = 16), Neuro-QoL (n = 21), and PROMIS (n = 34) were available. At > 12 months from diagnosis, cognition was impaired on BVMT (56%) and RAVLT (20%). PROs showed impairments in Neuro-QoL lower (38%) and upper (27%) extremity function, cognition (31%), and PROMIS-GPH (25%). RAVLT correlated with Neuro-QoL cognition, depression, and stigma, while BVMT correlated with PROMIS-GMH (all unadjusted p < 0.05). Neither RAVLT nor BVMT correlated with ClinROs. ClinROs correlated with Neuro-QoL lower extremity function, cognition, and social roles (all p < 0.05).
interpretationLGI-1-IgG AE patients have long-term impairments in cognition, physical health, and social roles, which can be objectively measured using CogOs and PROs and are not captured by ClinROs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.