Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40542392›Full record

ArticleJournal of neurodevelopmental disorders2025

Common and rare variant analyses implicate late-infancy cerebellar development and immune genes in ADHD.

Yuanxin Zhong, Larry W Baum, Justin D Tubbs, Rui Ye, Lu Hua Chen, Tian Wu, Se-Fong Hung, Chun-Pan Tang, Ting-Pong Ho, Robert Moyzis and 4 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Yuanxin ZhongDepartment of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Larry W BaumDepartment of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Justin D TubbsDepartment of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Rui YeDepartment of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Lu Hua ChenDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Tian WuDepartment of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Se-Fong HungDepartment of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Chun-Pan TangKwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Ting-Pong HoDepartment of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Robert MoyzisDepartment of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
James SwansonDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Chi-Chiu LeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. leechichiu1627a@gmail.com.
Pak C ShamDepartment of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. pcsham@hku.hk.
Patrick W L LeungDepartment of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. pleung@cuhk.edu.hk.

Funding

General Research Fund (GRF) of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) RGC 449511
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder with a significant genetic component. The latest genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of ADHD identified 27 whole-genome significant risk loci in the European population. However, genetic risk factors for ADHD are less well-characterized in the Asian population, especially for low-frequency / rare variants.

methodsIn this study, we aimed to investigate the contributions of both common and low-frequency / rare variants to ADHD in a Hong Kong sample. Our sample comprised 279 cases and 432 controls who underwent genotyping using the Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array. We employed various analytical methods at different levels, while also leveraging multi-omics data and large-scale summary statistics to comprehensively analyze the genetic basis of ADHD.

resultsWe identified 41 potential genomic risk loci with a suggestive association (p < 1e

conclusionsThese findings re-validate the abnormal development of the neural system in ADHD and extend the existing neuro-dysfunction hypothesis to a multi-system perspective. The current study identified convergent risk factors from common and low-frequency / rare variants, which implicates vulnerability in late-infancy brain development, affecting especially the cerebellum, and the involvement of immune processes.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityCerebellumChildFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyHong KongHumansInfantMagnetic Resonance ImagingMalePolymorphism, Single NucleotideADHDCerebellumCommon variantImmune responseLate-infancyLow-frequency / rare variant

Identifiers

PMID40542392
PMCPMC12180188

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.