Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40542200›Full record

ArticleNpj viruses2025

Experimental Usutu virus infection in Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula).

Gianfilippo Agliani, Imke Visser, Eleanor M Marshall, Giuseppe Giglia, Erwin de Bruin, Ruben Verstappen, Tjomme van Mastrigt, Felicity Chandler, Reina Sikkema, Henk van der Jeugd and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Npj viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Gianfilippo AglianiDivision of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Imke VisserDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Eleanor M MarshallDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Giuseppe GigliaDivision of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Erwin de BruinDivision of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Ruben VerstappenDivision of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Tjomme van MastrigtDepartment of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Felicity ChandlerDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Reina SikkemaDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Henk van der JeugdDepartment of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Marion P G KoopmansDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Andrea GröneDivision of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Barry RockxDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. b.rockx@erasmusmc.nl.
Judith M A van den BrandDivision of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. j.m.a.vandenbrand@uu.nl.

Funding

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek NWA.1160.1S.210
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Usutu virus (USUV) is a zoonotic arbovirus causing disease in wild birds and humans. Eurasian blackbirds (Turdus merula) are highly susceptible to infection, developing severe lesions with high mortality rates during outbreaks. The pathogenesis and clinical course of the acute disease in birds are not known. Therefore, six blackbirds were infected with two USUV lineages (Africa 3 and Europe 3). The blackbirds were monitored for clinical signs of disease and activity levels and were sampled for virus detection. All infected blackbirds showed severe disease after 4 to 7 days, with no significant differences between the lineages. Reaching a humane endpoint, the blackbirds were euthanized, and tissue samples were collected for histopathology and virology. At histopathology, lesions were seen in the main target organs with the associated presence of infectious virus and viral antigen. In conclusion, blackbirds can be infected experimentally with USUV and show similar disease as seen in natural infection.

Identifiers

PMID40542200
PMCPMC12181337

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.