Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40542079›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Bioinspired enamel repair via inorganic ionic polymerization using calcium phosphate ionic clusters and nano-hydroxyapatite.

Marwa A Elkhouly, Mahmoud M Emara, Norhan Nady, Ahmed S Elkadi, Sherif H Kandil

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Marwa A ElkhoulyMaterials Science Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, El Shatby, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt. igsr.marwa.elkoly@alexu.edu.eg.
Mahmoud M EmaraChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Baghdad Street, P.O. Box 21511, Moharam Bey, Alexandria, Egypt.
Norhan NadyPolymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
Ahmed S ElkadiConservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Azarita, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
Sherif H KandilMaterials Science Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, El Shatby, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traditional restorative materials often fail to integrate seamlessly with natural tooth structures due to differences in chemical composition, leading to microleakage and related clinical problems. This study aims to create a material entirely composed of calcium phosphates, the main component of dental enamel, to repair minor enamel cavities. Inspired by the biomineralization process and employing the inorganic ionic polymerization strategy, a cohesive calcium phosphate mass was developed to repair minor enamel cavities. Calcium phosphate ionic clusters (CPICs) and three types of calcium phosphate powder were utilized; (bone-derived and synthetic hydroxyapatite; (BHA and SHA), and dried CPICs. Two different techniques, namely layer by layer (LbL) and premixing (PM), were employed to mix CPICs with one type of calcium phosphate powder to form a cohesive mass. Different analysis techniques were used including FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM. Among the tested approaches, the mass formed by mixing BHA with CPICs using the PM technique demonstrated superior integration with enamel walls and infiltration of calcium phosphate particles into enamel. To the best of our knowledge, repairing cavitated enamel defects using a bioinspired approach with a material composed entirely of calcium phosphate has not yet been achieved.

Indexed as

Calcium PhosphatesDental EnamelDurapatiteHumansIonsNanoparticlesPolymerizationSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infraredcalcium phosphateCalcium PhosphatesDurapatiteIonsCalcium phosphate ionic clustersEnamel repairHydroxyapatiteInorganic ionic polymerization

Identifiers

PMID40542079
PMCPMC12181249

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.