Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40540861›Full record

ArticleJournal of hazardous materials2025

Thermal treatment of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) using a pilot-scale research combustor.

Nathan H Weber, Gabrielle V West, William R Roberson, John C Mackie, James M Mattila, Preston Burnette, Matthew Allen, William Preston, William P Linak, Jonathan D Krug

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of hazardous materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Nathan H WeberUS. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
Gabrielle V WestUS. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
William R RobersonUS. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
John C MackieDiscipline of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
James M MattilaUS. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; US. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
Preston BurnetteAmentum, Research Laboratory Support Team, Durham, NC 27711, USA.
Matthew AllenAmentum, Research Laboratory Support Team, Durham, NC 27711, USA.
William PrestonCSS Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA.
William P LinakUS. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
Jonathan D KrugUS. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Electronic address: krug.jonathan@epa.gov.

Funding

Intramural EPA EPA999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The thermal decomposition of single-component aqueous solutions of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), a "GenX" process chemical, was investigated in a pilot-scale research combustor. Two solutions containing target HFPO-DA concentrations of ∼500 and 4000 mg/L were atomized at three post-flame temperatures of ∼920, 860, and 750 °C, during which the stack gases were characterized for combustion products including fluorocarbon products of incomplete combustion (PICs). Analytical techniques included Other Test Method 50 (OTM-50) and real-time analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS). Quantum chemical calculations were performed to identify pathways for the thermal decomposition of HFPO-DA. Identified PICs included 1H-perfluoroalkanes, fluoroether E-1 (heptafluoropropyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether), and two ultra short-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs): trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA). Most PIC concentrations increased with decreasing peak temperatures with ∼40-60 % of the fluorine in the HFPO-DA converted into PICs at the lowest peak temperature examined (∼750 °C). At higher peak temperatures, lower PIC concentrations were observed, suggesting that temperature is a critical parameter for mineralization. Modeling results proposed that the thermal decomposition of HFPO-DA can pass through 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-[(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)oxy]propane (perfluoropropylvinyl ether, or PPVE) or fluoroether E-1 intermediate species with the PPVE route offering lower energy barriers.

Indexed as

GenXHFPO-DAPFASPICsThermal destruction

Identifiers

PMID40540861
PMCPMC12423959

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.