Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40540602›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

AI assessment changes human behavior.

Jonas Goergen, Emanuel de Bellis, Anne-Kathrin Klesse

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. AI assessment changes human behavior.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jonas GoergenInstitute of Behavioral Science and Technology, University of St.Gallen, St.Gallen 9000, Switzerland.
Emanuel de BellisInstitute of Behavioral Science and Technology, University of St.Gallen, St.Gallen 9000, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1360-2070
Anne-Kathrin KlesseRotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3062 PA, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-1725-0693

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

AI is increasingly replacing human decision-makers across domains. AI-based tools have become particularly common in assessment decisions, such as when recruiting employees or admitting students. Calls for transparency and new legislation require organizations to disclose the use of AI assessment tools, thus making people under assessment aware of its use. We investigate whether this shift from human to AI assessment affects people's behavior during the assessment. We propose that people emphasize their analytical characteristics and downplay their intuitive and emotional ones under AI (vs. human) assessment, a phenomenon we label "the AI assessment effect." Twelve studies (eight in text and four in the Supporting Information;

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceBehaviorDecision MakingFemaleHumansMaleAI assessmentalgorithmsartificial intelligencebehavioral changeslay beliefs

Identifiers

PMID40540602
PMCPMC12207480

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.