ArticlePloS one2025
A scoping review of racism and anti-racist solutions in the health care of people who have experienced trafficking.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence and characteristics of sex trafficking among youth experiencing homelessness: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2026Trial
- Contextual Stressors for Black and Latino Families After Child Sexual Abuse.Child maltreatment · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Racial minorities are disproportionately affected by human trafficking, with African Americans making up over 30% of trafficking cases in the United States despite being only 14% of the national population. Health care providers play a crucial role in identifying and supporting survivors of trafficking as roughly two-thirds of individuals who have been trafficked encounter a healthcare professional. However, discrimination against trafficked patients of color in health care, a key setting for frontline service provision, remains unexplored. We undertook a scoping review to identify the effects of racial and ethnic discrimination in the healthcare of individuals who have experienced human trafficking, with the aim of informing anti-racist practice, treatments, interventions, and research. Following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR), we identified 41 sources comprising quantitative and qualitative studies, case reports, grey literature, and text and opinion pieces. Quantitative studies indicated that there are significant gaps in service availability for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) survivors in the midwestern United States. Our remaining sources suggested that healthcare provider bias and discrimination emerged through victim blaming, adultification, criminalization, or invisibility of BIPOC survivors. Racism was also perpetuated structurally through lack of culturally relevant training, fear of punishment from police or immigration enforcement, and sociocultural barriers to accessing healthcare. Furthermore, we identified best practices for future anti-trafficking efforts in health care on several levels including treatment, research, intervention design and evaluation, community partnerships, coalition-building, and political advocacy. Ultimately, healthcare providers have a unique opportunity to respond to human trafficking, but to do so effectively will require comprehensively addressing critical gaps in care for BIPOC populations across individual, interpersonal, and structural levels.
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Registered trials
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