ArticleDevelopmental science2025
Genetic and Environmental Effects on Parent-Rated Adaptive Behaviour in Infancy.
Article in Developmental science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic and environmental influences on data missingness in developmental cognitive neuroscience.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Editorial: Risk and protective factors, family environment and (a)typical neurodevelopmental outcomes, volume II.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adaptive behaviour refers to the everyday skills that individuals are expected to have to function independently, based on their age and societal norms. Currently, we know little about the role of genetic and environmental factors in parent-rated adaptive behaviours in early infancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the aetiological factors that influence individual variability in different adaptive behaviour domains at 5 months, and the degree of genetic and environmental influences that are unique and shared across these domains. We analysed data from the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale (VABS-II) motor domain and combined domain of socialization and communication (social-communication) using a multivariate twin modelling approach. Participants were a community sample of monozygotic and dizygotic twins assessed at 5 months of age (n = 594). The results show high shared environmental influence on both motor (0.67) and social-communication (0.78) domains with 45% shared variance. Both had low, but significant heritability estimates (0.21 and 0.12, respectively) but did not share genetic variance. No statistically significant associations were found between polygenic scores for autism, ADHD, schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder, and either of the adaptive behaviours measured here. Our results highlight the importance of shared environmental factors in the development of social-communication and motor skills in infancy, whether it is through social interaction with caregivers, or the stimuli and opportunities presented at home. SUMMARY: During development structural arm length representation is underestimated, while the functional arm length representation is overestimated. Underestimation of structural arm length is driven by an underestimation of hand length, as forearm length is accurate. Structural hand length is underestimated, supporting that underestimation of hand length is a characteristic of human body representation. The opposite pattern of results between structural and functional arm representation suggests the existence of multiple independent representations of the body.
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Registered trials
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