Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40537552›Full record

ArticleNPJ digital medicine2025

Liquid white box model as an explainable AI for surgery.

Homer A Riva-Cambrin, Rahul Singh, Sanju Lama, Garnette R Sutherland

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Homer A Riva-CambrinProject neuroArm, Dept. Of Clinical Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Rahul SinghProject neuroArm, Dept. Of Clinical Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Sanju LamaProject neuroArm, Dept. Of Clinical Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Garnette R SutherlandProject neuroArm, Dept. Of Clinical Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. garnette@ucalgary.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding surgical data in real-time will lead to improved feedback, learning, and performance for surgeons. This is important as data-driven systems offer safer, more standardized surgery, and faster training times. Artificial intelligence shows great promise in filling the gap where humans and classical computing algorithms cannot process information in an efficient manner. Defining a true application and development of robust artificial intelligence models mandates that they be explainable and transparent in how they make decisions. In this work, we meet this need by creating two models for surgical task and skill classification, respectively, to predict and provide an explanation of how surgical decisions are made. We further investigate how models based on a liquid time constant can be effectively utilized to develop better models under constraints and explain how the model makes internal decisions.

Identifiers

PMID40537552
PMCPMC12179307

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.