ArticleBritish journal of anaesthesia2025
Emergence from general anaesthesia: stochastic or deterministic?
Article in British journal of anaesthesia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Is emergence from general anaesthesia fundamentally stochastic or deterministic? A recent study using genetically identical mice found significant intra-individual and inter-individual variability in emergence times. This variability was better explained by a stochastic neural dynamics model than by traditional deterministic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models. These findings offer a new perspective on the intrinsic nature of anaesthetic emergence as a stochastic process; however, they also raise important questions about how we define and measure emergence. In particular, since the commonly used righting reflex, a basic motor response, might not adequately reflect recovery of cognitive abilities, and higher-level cognitive functions might follow more predictable, deterministic emergence trajectories, we suggest that future research examine emergence across multiple levels of brain function and adopt more comprehensive, cognition-sensitive markers.
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