ArticleJournal of applied biomechanics2025
Lower Limb Stiffness During a Loaded Walk and Run Over Different Surfaces.
Article in Journal of applied biomechanics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Walking as a Window to the Brain: Redefining Gait in Neurology.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Walking Speed Explains Apparent Ground Reaction Force Differences in Parkinson's Disease: A Waveform-Level SPM Analysis During Normal and Virtual Reality Walking.Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study quantified vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs) and lower limb stiffness for both sexes walking and running with body-borne load over 2 surfaces. Nine males and 9 females had lower limb biomechanics quantified during a walk (1.3 m/s) and run (4.5 m/s) with (15 kg) and without (0 kg) body-borne load over a firm and soft foam surface. vGRF measures, and leg and lower limb joint stiffness were submitted to a linear mixed model. Loaded walking increased very GRF and stiffness measure (all: P < .016). Loaded running increased every GRF measure and knee stiffness (all: P < .033). The foam surface increased peak vGRF (P = .002, P = .010) and knee stiffness (P < .001, P = .004) during the walk and run, and leg (P < .001) and ankle (P = .025) stiffness during the run. Males walked with greater peak vGRF (P = .012), and stiffer hip and ankle (P = .026; P = .012), but ran with a stiffer knee on the foam (P = .041) and stiffer hip on the firm (P = .005) surface than females. Loaded walking and running may elevate injury risk by increasing vertical GRFs and lower limb stiffness. Injury risk may also increase for locomotion over a foam surface, especially for males.
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Registered trials
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