Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40536991›Full record

ArticleNeural regeneration research2026

Advances and applications of brain organoids in central nervous system disorders: Bridging the gap from laboratory to clinic.

Changle Fang, Qiulin Wang, Qiuxia Xiao, Xiaoxing Cai, Ruolan Du, Lulu Xue, Xiaohe Tian, Liulin Xiong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neural regeneration research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Inner Ear Organoids: Recent Progress and Challenges.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Changle FangDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.
Qiulin WangDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.
Qiuxia XiaoDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.
Xiaoxing CaiInstitute of Neurosciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
Ruolan DuInstitute of Neurological Disease, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Lulu XueState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Xiaohe TianDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2294-3945
Liulin XiongDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1623-5969

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Investigating the mechanisms underlying central nervous system disorders is a major scientific issue in the 21 st century. However, the inaccessibility and complexity of the human brain have always represented a challenge in understanding the pathophysiology of the central nervous system. Brain organoids are self-assembled three-dimensional aggregates derived from pluripotent stem cells with cell types and structures similar to the embryonic human brain, giving them potential for investigating the atypical cellular, molecular, and genetic characteristics characteristic of central nervous system disorders. Brain organoids also provide a platform for drug screening and serve as a potential source for transplantation therapy for brain injuries. However, the broad application of brain organoids is hampered by several limitations, such as the lack of high-fidelity cell types, insufficient maturation, and considerable heterogeneity, undermining their reliability in specific applications. This review summarizes brain organoid evolution, discusses recent technological and methodological innovations, and reviews their applications in drug screening, transplantation therapy, and disease modeling, as well as clinical research progress. Additionally, we emphasize the limitations of current brain organoid research and explore the potential for advancing the technology to enhance its applicability.

Indexed as

acute brain injurybioengineeringbrain organoidsbrain tissue transplantationcerebral organoidsdrug screeninginduced pluripotent stem cellneurodegenerative diseasesneurodevelopmental disorders

Identifiers

PMID40536991
PMCPMC13378825

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.