ArticleNeural regeneration research2026
Effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on motor functions in animal models of ischemia and trauma in the central nervous system.
Article in Neural regeneration research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Protective Mechanism of Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation in the Acute Phase of Stroke Through Modulation of the Calcineurin/AKT/FOXO1 Signaling Pathway.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Non-invasive brain stimulation for chronic low back pain: current techniques and future perspectives.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques offer promising therapeutic and regenerative prospects in neurological diseases by modulating brain activity and improving cognitive and motor functions. Given the paucity of knowledge about the underlying modes of action and optimal treatment modalities, a thorough translational investigation of noninvasive brain stimulation in preclinical animal models is urgently needed. Thus, we reviewed the current literature on the mechanistic underpinnings of noninvasive brain stimulation in models of central nervous system impairment, with a particular emphasis on traumatic brain injury and stroke. Due to the lack of translational models in most noninvasive brain stimulation techniques proposed, we found this review to the most relevant techniques used in humans, i.e., transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. We searched the literature in PubMed, encompassing the MEDLINE and PMC databases, for studies published between January 1, 2020 and September 30, 2024. Thirty-five studies were eligible. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation demonstrated distinct strengths in augmenting rehabilitation post-stroke and traumatic brain injury, with emerging mechanistic evidence. Overall, we identified neuronal, inflammatory, microvascular, and apoptotic pathways highlighted in the literature. This review also highlights a lack of translational surrogate parameters to bridge the gap between preclinical findings and their clinical translation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.