Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40536796›Full record

ArticleJMIR research protocols2025

Strengthening Immunization Data: Protocol for the Evaluation of an Electronic Immunization Register.

Meru Sheel, Cyra Patel, Gemma Saravanos, Michelle Lynch, Adeline Tinessia, Niramonh Chanlivong, Mathida Thongseng, Praveena Gunaratnam, Chansay Pathammavong, Kongxay Phounphenghack and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR research protocols, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Meru SheelSydney Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5453-070X
Cyra PatelSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-3529-0445
Gemma SaravanosSydney Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-0040-6679
Michelle LynchSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0009-0000-3484-6520
Adeline TinessiaSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0009-0001-2467-841X
Niramonh ChanlivongSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0009-0001-9287-6637
Mathida ThongsengSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0009-0005-4268-6527
Praveena GunaratnamSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-3280-5658
Chansay PathammavongMinistry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-8955-9104
Kongxay PhounphenghackMinistry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic.
Yongjoon ParkVaccine-Preventable Disease and Immunization Unit, World Health Organization, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic.ORCID 0009-0001-9236-5634
Sisouveth NorasinghMinistry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic.
Dheeraj BhattUNICEF, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic.ORCID 0009-0008-5185-802X
Nyambat BatmunkhVaccine-Preventable Disease and Immunization Unit, World Health Organization, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-4532-272X
Marcela ContrerasSpecial Program Comprehensive Immunization, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States.
M Carolina Danovaro-HollidayDepartment of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7324-9198

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundElectronic immunization registers (EIRs) can strengthen immunization systems and, if used effectively, can lead to greater efficiency and improvements in vaccination coverage. Several low- and middle-income countries introduced EIRs for COVID-19 vaccination and are now integrating them for routine immunization.

objectiveThis study aims to describe the protocol used to evaluate the implementation of an EIR in the Lao People's Democratic Republic in 2022. In addition, it seeks to identify opportunities to improve implementation, scale-up, and sustainability in the country.

methodsTo evaluate the implementation of the EIR in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, we will (1) map the EIR workflow process, (2) examine EIR user and stakeholder perspectives, and (3) assess the EIR data quality. Data will be collected and analyzed through a mixed methods approach. This evaluation will involve a document review, observation of workflows in health facilities, health facility user surveys, key informant interviews with decision makers, and an assessment of immunization data quality. This protocol details the methods for each of these components. The evidence generated will be triangulated to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the early implementation phase of the EIR, facilitators of and barriers to the implementation, and whether the introduction of the EIR has improved immunization data processes and quality compared with paper-based processes.

resultsData collection took place between April 2024 and August 2024. Data analysis is currently ongoing, with results expected to be shared with study stakeholders in October 2024.

conclusionsThis early evaluation will contribute to developing a road map for the nationwide strengthening and sustainability of the EIR based on challenges and lessons learned, potentially streamlining further implementation efforts and enabling more effective use of the EIR. This paper presents a methodology for evaluating EIR implementation that can be replicated in other low- and middle-income countries implementing EIRs. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/65663.

Indexed as

COVID-19ImmunizationImmunization ProgramsRegistriesCOVID-19 VaccinesHumansLaosResearch DesignSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 Vaccinesdata qualitydigital technologyelectronic immunization registerevaluationhealth system strengtheningmixed methodsprocess evaluationvaccination coverage

Identifiers

PMID40536796
PMCPMC12226776

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.