Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40536523›Full record

ArticleCurrent microbiology2025

Superbug Surge-A Tale of Seven-Year Battle Against Escalating Antimicrobial Resistance in North India.

Bashir Ahmad Fomda, Uksim Qadri, Gulnaz Bashir, Syed Mudassir Qadri, Sheikh Shahid Nazir, Iffat Hakak

Abstract read
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Article in Current microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bashir Ahmad FomdaDepartment of Microbiology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. bashirfomda@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3705-9631
Uksim QadriDepartment of Microbiology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Gulnaz BashirDepartment of Microbiology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Syed Mudassir QadriDepartment of Internal Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Sheikh Shahid NazirDepartment of Microbiology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Iffat HakakDepartment of Microbiology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Funding

Indian Council of Medical Research AMR/RC/98/2014-ECD-II
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern, significantly impacting treatment outcomes. This prospective study, conducted from 2018 to 2024, under the Indian Council of Medical Research Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (ICMR-AMRSN), aims to assess bacterial prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns in a tertiary care hospital in North India. Clinical specimens were collected from outpatients, inpatients, and intensive care units (ICUs). Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done as per CLSI guidelines using conventional and automated methods. Phenotypic (Combined Disk test, CarbaNP, mCIM, eCIM, PBP2a latex agglutination test, D test, Penicillin Zone Edge test) and genotypic characterisation (like CTX-M, TEM, SHV, VIM, KPC, NDM1, mecA, van, erm gene detection) of the isolates was performed. All the data was recorded and analyzed using the online ICMR-AMRSN portal. Out of a total of 1,30,077 samples,20,509 (15.8%) were culture-positive, and positivity was high from urine samples (n = 6036, 29.4%), followed by respiratory samples (n = 3739, 18.2%), deep infections (13.2%, n = 2700) and blood samples (n = 1363, 6.6%). Gram-negative bacteria predominated (n = 16,477, 80.3%), with Escherichia coli (n = 6623, 32.3%) being the most common, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3381, 16.5%), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 3017, 14.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2208, 10.8%). Among Gram-positive bacteria (n = 3950, 19.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1650, 8%) was most prevalent followed by Enterococcus faecalis (n = 786, 3.8%) and Enterococcus faecium (n = 673, 3.3%). Acinetobacter baumannii was the leading ICU pathogen (n = 869,41.9%). High resistance rates were observed, particularly in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Genotypic analysis confirmed the presence of beta-lactamase and carbapenemase genes in key pathogens. The study highlights the substantial burden of AMR, with rising resistance trends posing therapeutic challenges. Continuous surveillance, infection control measures, and antimicrobial stewardship are crucial for combating AMR and guiding regional antibiotic policies.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaDrug Resistance, BacterialDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialGram-Negative BacteriaFemaleGenotypeHumansIndiaMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPrevalenceProspective StudiesTertiary Care CentersAnti-Bacterial Agents

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.