ReviewAnnals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England2025
Sustainability in breast surgery: a narrative review and guide for change.
Review in Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Implementation of Green Changes Can Result in Shortened Turnover and Decreased Surgical Waste in Breast Cancer Operations.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe purpose of this review was to evaluate sustainable interventions in breast surgery that reduce carbon dioxide equivalent (CO
methodsA literature search was conducted using MEDLINE via PubMed up to 2024, targeting studies on sustainability in breast surgery. Search terms included sustainability-related and breast surgery-specific keywords. Owing to limited evidence, a narrative review was performed, incorporating findings from published literature, local audits and environmental impact assessments. Interventions were analysed across the perioperative pathway.
findingsOnly one study specifically addressed sustainability in breast surgery, highlighting a significant evidence gap. However, multiple practical interventions were identified. The use of total intravenous anaesthesia reduced CO
conclusionsSimple, sustainable changes in breast surgery can significantly reduce both environmental and financial costs. Despite a lack of robust data, practical measures already in use show clear benefits. Future research should focus on whole lifecycle analyses of sustainable interventions, providing evidence to support sustainable practices. Incorporating these interventions across surgical disciplines can meaningfully contribute to achieving NHS net zero goals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.